The flag for cytosine has cyan field with a black hexagon in the center. The black hexagon represents the basic structural ring of a pyrimidine. Cyan was chosen as the colour for Cytosine since both words (at least in English) start with 'Cy.' In the black area by the hoist are six dots that represent the atoms involved with the hydrogen bonding of this nucleotide. The three dots closer to the cyan field represent the three hydrogen bonding atoms of Cytosine. White represents hydrogen, blue is nitrogen, and red is oxygen. Consequently the three dots closer to the hoist represent oxygen and two hydrogens.
Cytosine was named by Albrecht Kossel and Albert Neumann in 1894. If you forgot your biology, Cytosine bonds with Guanine. The unique aspect of Cytosine is that is has all three types of hydrogen bonding atoms of DNA: white, blue, and red — hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.
The flag for Guanine has a green field. Since green and Guanine start with a G, this should help. In the green field is a black purine base structure. Along the fly is a black area with six dots that represent the three hydrogen bonds associated with Guanine. The dots closer to the green field represent the three atoms on Guanine that bond to Cytosine. The upper red dot represents oxygen, while the two lower white dots represent hydrogen.
IYNN, most models use the colour red for oxygen because oxygenated blood is bright red. Likewise most models colour nitrogen blue because the primary gas that makes up the sky is nitrogen, which appears blue. Finally hydrogen is white because white light is created in our organic hydrogen fusion reactors, better known as stars: free energy we don't have to pay for. Oh yeah, IYNN means...If You Never Noticed.
The dots closer to the fly represent the atoms that hydrogen with Guanine on the Cytosine molecule.
The first isolation of Guanine was in 1844, so we think, in Germany by Julius Bodo Unger. Julius extracted this molecule from bird poo, better known as Guano, which is where it gets it name. Consequently fun nick names for this nucleotide could be: Poopnine, Crapnine, Fecalnine, Dodonine, Poopeenine, Fecesinine, Scatinine, Droppinganine, Stoolinine, Turdnine, Poopoonine, Dunganine and last but not least: Shitnine.
The Thymine flag has a field of yellow with a black hexagonal pyrimidine in the center. Along the hoist is black area with four dots that represent the hydrogen bonding end of this molecule. The red and white dots close to the yellow field represent the oxygen and hydrogen atoms of Thymine that participate in the hydrogen process. The white and blue dots closer to the hoist represent the hydrogen bonding atoms of Adenosine.
Thymine is only found in the nucleus of Eukaryotes and chromosomes of Prokaryotes. If you remember your biology this nucleotide gets switched out with Uracil.
Thymine was first isolated in Germany in the year 1893 by Al & Al. Albrecht Kossel and Albert Neumann extracted this molecule from the Thymus gland of a cow.
The flag for the Adenosine Nucleotide has red field with the shape of black purine base, on the hoist half. Further out by the fly is a black area with four dots that represents the hydrogen bonding action of the molecule. The dots represent the particular atoms that do the hydrogen bonding. Closer to red field is a white and blue discs that represent hydrogen and nitrogen. Towards the fly the red and white discs represent oxygen and hydrogen.
Usually oxygen atoms are coloured red since, oxygen rich blood is red in most species. Likewise Nitrogen is blue because that colour makes up most of the sky as Nitrogen Gas.
The colour red was chosen for Adenine since A usually stands for apple and the most common colour for apples is red. Additionally A is represented by the colour red in colour metrics as A is the first colour of the rainbow and A is the first letter of the alphabet. Also, the short hand notation for Adenine is A. Adenosine refers the whole nucleotide, while Adenine refers to the nitrogenous base.
Adenine was named by a German in 1885. The man playing Adam to this nucleotide Albrect Kossel. Al named it after the pancreas, since this is where he extracted it from. So in a nick name for this nucleotide is Pancreainine.
Adenine forms hn playindenine is found in DNA and RNA. Besides storing genetic information, and being a part of the genesis of active protein-fairy genesis. Adenine is the ENERGON molecule that makes all the alchemical magic happen, better known as ATP (Adenine Triphosphate). ATP is the organic, molecular Bit-Coin currency of all living systems. For the most part this energy-currency based on ATP Bit Coins is solar powered.
Amino Acids are essentially the Lego's of Life. There are about 1000 Amino Acids in all, that have been found and artificially added to cells. But only 22 or proteinogenic. Usually 20 are exposed to high school biology students. The elite 22 are directly coded by codons on the mRNA. Others come about by modification. Nonetheless these 22 molecules are the animated part of the cell that does much of the work.
The dots represent the carbon within each Amino Acid. Except for Proline, Proline is special. There is always one black sheep in the family. Likewise there is one Amino Acid that acts differently.
First of all, a more grounded way to think of Amino Acids is to think of them as Fairy Fibers. In essence, Fairies are made up of 22 different fibers. In this analogy Fairies are Proteins. Thus there are a nearly an infinite number of Fairies that can be made within a cell. Once a Molecular Fairy is made within a cell it does magic, also known as work. Some Fairies rearrange chemical bonds with magic wands (active sites), while other Fairies transport materials. Many Fairies send signals to others, or wear more than one tiara.
The key is that Fairies in your cells are similar to the Fairies in your cat or the Fairies of a potato. The Fairies that turn sugar into ATP are similar all across the board from those found in mushrooms to cells of your eye balls. Remember that Molecular Fairies are made up of amino acids.
And when they were naming Amino Acids they could have called them Carboxyl Bases. Or maybe Amino Bases? Amino-Carboxyl Acid-Bases? The thing about Amino Acids is that they are both Acids and Bases, kind of like hermaphrodites. In fact they are called Zwitter Ions, which means Double Gender or Hermaphrodite Ions in German. So in direct English they are Hermaphroditic Ions, or maybe Gender-Bender Ions, or Inter-Sexed Ions?
Street signs are a special kind of vexilloid. Although they are not made of fabric they convey information in a manner like a flag. Street signs are even held of the ground like flags. Instead of poles, they have a standard type big boy erector set kind of 'pole.'
Perhaps the most famous kind of street sign is the stop sign. Its unique eight sided octagonal shape is distinguished. In the image above the stop sign motif is combined with bioalchemy. Bioalchemy is the cool term for biochemistry.
The three standard stop codons are made into street signs: UGA, UAA, and UAG. Also a mnemonic is added. UGA's mnemonic is U Get Ata'here. UAA's mnemonic is U Are Ata'here. And finally, UAG's is U Are Gone.
Also note the start codon for proteins is AUG, which is like saying "Aye You Guys!" There is a dated saying like this with PBS's Television Workshop from the late 1970s. More famously from the Goonies, this was Sloth's catch phrase...sort of. I think he said Hey but were changing it to Aey, it's a mulligan.
Below is the Elemental Table of Proteinogenic Amino Acids:
The Tyrosine flag uses the colours orange, light blue, pink, and black. The orange and cyan stripe along the hoist refer to the number 25. Reason being orange is coded to 2 and cyan is coded to 5 in colour metrics. Together these numbers represent the 25th letter of the alphabet, which is also the one letter abbreviation for Tyrosine.
The pink square field indicates that Tyrosine has an alcohol component in its R-Group. Since oxygen is usually red and hydrogen is white in most models, when you combine those colours they make pink. The seven black dots indicate that amino acid Y has seven carbons in its R-Group. And since there are four black dots in the corners of the pink square this indicates that Amino Acid Y has a ring structure. In fact it is aromatic.
Tyr is the three letter abbreviation. And Tyr was discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in cheese. Although is has an alcohol as a component, you will not get drunk from consuming this amino acid.
Tyrosine gets its name from cheese, since tyri is Greek for cheese. Thus nick names for this cheese could be: Cheesine, Kraftosine, Velveetisine, Cheddarsine, Quesosine, Formagiosine, Cheezusine, Kasesine (German), Syrsine (Russian), Jabanisine (Arabic), Pomaisine (Vietnamese), Ostsine (Swedish), Sajtosine (Hungarian), Juustosine (Finnish), and Jabinisine (Swahili).
